DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47980/TLOI/2020/3/159-166الكلمات المفتاحية:
qo‘shma so‘z kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘z predlog infiks takror so‘z semantik yaxlitlik leksik birlik kompozit.الملخص
So‘z yasalishi masalasi hozirgi zamon tilshunosligining dolzarb muammolaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. Bu masalaning dolzarbligi, ayniqsa, pashtu tili kabi kam o‘rganilgan tillar uchun ortib bormoqda, chunki bu masala tilning lug‘at boyligining zamon talabiga mos ravishda boyib borishi bilan bog‘lanib ketadi. Hayotning turli sohalaridagi taraqqiyot tufayli yuzaga kelayotgan yangi tushunchalarni ifodalash zarurati tilda mavjud bo‘lgan imkoniyat va resurslar asosida yangi leksik birliklarni hosil qilish zaruratini tug‘dirmoqda. Bu jarayonni ilmiy asosda o‘rganish, uning yo‘nalishlarini aniqlash, o‘ziga xos jihatlarini til materiali tahlili asosida belgilab berish bugungi kunda muhim nazariy va amaliy ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘zlar yasalishi mazkur mavzuning har tomonlama qiziqarli va deyarli o‘rganilmagan sohalaridan deyish mumkin. Fanda bu masalaga qisman to‘xtalib o‘tilgan ishlar mavjud, ammo ularning ham eng oxirgilari nashr qilinganiga 40 yildan ortiq vaqt o‘tdi. Bu muddat davomida pashtu tili lug‘at fondi tarkibida, shu jumladan kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘z yasalishi usullarida sezilarli o‘zgarishlar yuzaga keldi. Tilning lug‘at fondi dinamik xarakterga ega bo‘lganligi uchun unda kechayotgan jarayonlarni sinxron planda tadqiq etish hamisha ilmiy ahamiyatga molik. Predlog-infikslar hamda bog‘lovchi infiks yordamida yasalgan kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘zlarni tadqiq etish ana shu masalaning muhim tarkibiy qismi hisoblanadi. Mazkur ilmiy maqola pashtu tilida په [pә], نا [nā], پر [pәr], له [lә], د [dә] predlog-infikslari bilan birikib, hosil bo‘ladigan kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘zlarning analitik va sintetik metodlari asosidagi tahlili shuningdek, او [aw] bog‘lovchi-infiksining kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘z yasashdagi o‘rniga bag‘ishlanadi. Maqolada masala konkret shaklda ̶ predlog-infikslar va او [aw] bog‘lovchi infiks yordamida yasalgan kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘zlar tadqiqot predmeti, hozirgi zamon pashtu tili materiallari esa tadqiqot ob’ekti etib belgilangan. Ishning ilmiy yangiligi mana shu masalalarda o‘z ifodasini topgan. Maqolada predlog-infikslar hamda bog‘lovchi infiks orqali yasalgan kopulyativ qo‘shma so‘zlar guruhlarga bo‘lib tahlil qilingan.
التنزيلات
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