Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022)

  The IX-XII centuries are recognized as the period of the Muslim Renaissance. During this period, science and culture, especially Islamic sciences, developed in Central Asia. Ancient cities such as Bukhara, Samarkand, Nasaf, Termez, Khiva, Merv, and Shash were known as centres of science and culture in the Islamic world. In particular, in medieval sources, Tashkent is called Shash, where many outstanding scientists of Islamic sciences lived and worked. The IX century is called the “golden age of the science of hadith” due to the work of hadith scholars in the region.

The article analyzes the activities of medieval (IX-XII) Hadith scholars in the scientific centres of the Shash and Merv regions. It also explores the scientific cooperation of hadith scholars of madrasahs in various scientific cities of the region, such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Nasaf, Termez, Qazvin and Merv.

  The article is devoted to the feudal economy of the Juybari sheikhs, who played a leading role in the political and religious life of Central Asia in the 16th century. Using specific material, the author shows the methods of exploitation and the position of the peasantry. He notes that the mass of the rural and urban working population, in most cases deprived of the means of production, was entirely dependent on the large secular and spiritual landowners.

  This article consists the Jadid movement, which entered Turkestan and Movarounnahr in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, peculiarities of modern and ancient debates, the life of the writer, publicist, and playwright Ghazi Yunus, who took part in these development processes, and his role in the Jadid movement. It is also analyzed the activities of Gazi Yunus in the newspapers “Workers’ World”, “Red Flag”, “Turkiston” and his articles in the national press on the preservation of the independence of Autonomy of Turkestan.

  The article is devoted to the investigation of research and scientific-theoretical approaches to the investigation of the Central Asian governance system. It discusses Central Asia’s history, ethnography, statehood, the judicial system and religious processes in the region. The origin of the Samanids, which has been the subject of numerous debates in recent years has also been addressed. The article is based on a comparison of the primary sources of this controversial topic and the data presented in modern research.

  For centuries, Tashkent has played an important role in the socio-economic, cultural and spiritual development of the peoples of Central Asia and has a long history. The role of toponyms in determining its antiquity is also invaluable. Scientists argue that only with the toponym Chach it is possible to substantiate that the city of Tashkent is more than 2000 years old. In this case, it is important to study the place names mentioned in the written sources.

Abstract: The article tells about the scientific environment of the Nasaf oasis in the era of the great scientist Abu Hafs Nasafi, who reached the highest heights in Islamic sciences and left a great scientific heritage for his time and for today, and how this environment influenced the scientist.

  The article reveals the essence of the ideas about consent, the basic concept of the path of perfection of Naqshbandi, based on Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Bukhari (1318-1389), known as Bahauddin Naqshband. It has been proved that the genesis of the concept of consent goes back to Muhosibiya, the first Sufi order. The concept of consent is analyzed in comparison with the principle bozgasht (backwards) of the Khojas, founded by Abdulkadir Gelani, the founder of the Qadiriyya doctrine, the seventh condition of perfection written in the Risalai hazrat Azizon, and the views of Muhammad Babai Samasi on it. The importance of the concept of consent to live in peace and tranquility is highlighted and recommendations for living in a state of consent are given.

  Approaches to the study of Sufism, in particular, the division of scientific research into groups, the study of the Nakshbandiyah tariqah in the years of independence, the activities of the Bukhara School of Sufism, the classification of dissertations in the field of social sciences and the humanities, as well as the large-scale celebration of anniversaries of scientists in our country and a new stage of reforms in this region is researched in this article.

Abstract: At one of the first stages in teaching Arabic pronunciation, students and teachers are faced with a phenomenon such as linguistic or interlanguage interference. As a result, some characteristic errors appear in the students ’speech, which impedes the formation of certain skills and abilities for the correct articulation of difficult-to-pronounce phonemes. The proposed article is devoted to the study of this phenomenon and the causes of its occurrence.

  The oral folk art of the Turkic peoples is distinguished by a variety of genres. This is evidenced by the fact that Makhmud Kashgari’s “Divani lugati-t-turk” includes such genres as rubai, dastan, munazara, kasida (ode), fakhriya and other examples of folklore. Fragments in the work contain a number of quatrains dedicated to the description of nature, including an ode to spring. This article is devoted to the kasida (ode) genre and its genesis in the Turkic oral folk art.

Summary: Since the creation of Allah Almighty, human has relied on many methods and methods in conveying his thoughts and expressing what he wants by showing his feelings and declaring his emotions. And whoever performs in the field of language teaching for non-native speakers realizes the great value and high status of the image in the educational process, as he finds that its role is greater and the need for it is greater than other fields.

Summary: Prosody (rhyme) is one of the sciences that the teacher and learner need in the field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. Hence this research came to define this science and show its importance, the need to teach, learn the benefits of its study, and its results for non-Arabic speakers, as well as explaining the appropriate methods of teaching it, and highlighting innovative experiences in this regard

Abstract: One of the indicators of our knowledge of the Arabic language is the collection of information about the verbs of chapter I in Arabic and the forms of masdars made up of different chapters, the knowledge of the name of a single action or absolute masdars and their use. correct according to their meaning.

  The subject of loanwords one of the most widely studied topics in linguistics. There are many loanwords in the Persian vocabulary. These loanwords came into Persian from several languages. Their current type, number, and semantic features are interesting. This article gives a brief overview on loanwords in Persian language.

  Today, the literature of the Turkish-speaking peoples and the history of the formation of this literature, of course, goes into the distant past. In the course of this development, Turkish literature has been enriched by many genres. The Turkish language has created excellent examples of genres characteristic of Arabic, Persian and Tajik literature, and the development of these genres cannot be imagined without these examples. This article analyzes the development of the genre of the message, the introduction of the genre of the message into Turkic literature or the role of the work “Latofatnom” by Khojandi in the history of the Turkic message and its features, differences and similarities with other Turkic messages.

  This article discusses the conditions, advantages, possible obstacles and difficulties for Uzbek-speaking students in the process of learning the Arabic language, as well as the role of teachers and students in solving them. In particular, the methods, techniques and technologies used in the ancient and modern teaching of the Arabic language will be briefly described, including their specific advantages and disadvantages.

  The article is devoted to tracing – one of the ways of forming economic terminology in the modern Arabic literary language. Tracing (tracing the meaning of foreign words) is the semantic borrowing of words from another language by literally translating the structure of a word. When tracing, the components of a borrowed word or phrase are translated separately and combined according to the model of a foreign word or phrase.

Key words: calque, borrowing, modern literary Arabic language, language structure, translation, associative meaning, nominative units, phrases, classification.

  This article covers the history of the study of Uzbek and Arabic folklore, the scientific work of scholars in this field. It also provides information on the origin of the term proverb, its initial use, and collections of Arabic and Uzbek proverbs and their authors. The fact that Arab folk sayings belong to more than one Arab state is unique to each state.

  In three articles, the Arabicisms used in Mahmudkhodja Behbudi’s “Padarkush” are identified, classified into thematic and classified. Arabic masterpieces belonging to a particular thematic group are grouped under the title, with an example of the text in the work in which he participated. The lexical and terminological meanings of the Arabs have been clarified using “Islom ensiklopediyasi”, “O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati”and other sources.

  Through the study of historical sources, we witness the lives of great individuals who have become a thing of the past for us today. We understand how important their colorful life, the role of the commander, their place in literary life, their significance today. We see that the historical person, the events are interpreted differently depending on the period. In this article, we have tried to cover the military campaigns of Ubaydullah, a brave commander, poet, well-known representative of religion and mysticism, patron of science and culture, who played an important role in the 16th century in Central Asia, based on available sources. The question of what Iranian historians have to say about this person has been studied to some extent.

  “Al-Jame as-Sahih”, better known as “Sahih al-Bukhari”, is the most authentic collection of hadith of the Prophet (p.b.u.h). This collection was compiled by the great muhaddith Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, who lived in 194-256/810-870. In Sahih al-Bukhari, hadiths are given in the form of a separate book not only on fiqh, but also on issues of theology, etiquette and medicine.

Abstract: Mahmud b. Zayd al-Lâmishi, lived in Samarkand at the end of the 5th century and at the beginning of the 6th century (AH), a member of Hanafi-Mâturidi tradition was a theologian and jurist. The scholar’s work on theology “Tamhid” is famous. This article reflects the views of the Hanafi-Moturidiyya sect on the sinful ruling of the Muslims.

Key Words: Lâmishi, Hanafi-Mâturidî, theologian and Jurist, method of law, kharijis, great sin, Tamhid.

Abstract: This article contains information about the life of the Companions (sahabis) who transmitted the largest number of hadith and their role in the dissemination of hadith, as well as a number of relevant analyzes. When covering the article, the author referred to primary sources that reveal the activities of famous associates. As a result, the student forms reliable and objective information.

  In the period of globalization, it is more important that to development the foundations of modern approach for Qur’anic exegesis. Indeed, in this field some exegesists attempt to make it understandable to public. In this regard, it is emphasized on modernizing of Qur’anic exegesis, scientific approach to it, proving to have the ability to solve new problems that arise today, although it is criticized by some scholars.

  Abu Ali ibn Sina’s views on theology are characterized by extreme complexity. Researchers around the world have interpreted the scholar’s views in this area differently. It should be noted that the views of the scholars in recent times have had a significant impact on the works of Muslim authors created in the field of philosophy, theology, mysticism. Ibn Sina’s emphasis on rational thinking in his study of theology is still reflected in scientific research.

Annotation : In this article, the views of the founder of the Khojagan mystical sect, Khoja Abdulkhalik Gijduvani, reflects the place and role of this teacher Yusuf Hamadoni in shaping the worldview, is revealed to the main sources. In covering the topic, a philosophical analysis of Yusuf Hamadani's views on the criteria in the works of Life Criteria, Etiquette, Universe and Man was made. The sources comparatively cover the issues of ontology, epistemology, axiology, and ethics related to the general issues of philosophy.

  In this article, the Alisher Navois’ scientific heritage – stored in the fund of the University of Michigan – America, the manuscript “Hamsa”, and the epic “Sabayi Sayyar” which is included in it, rewritten in Herat by the calligrapher Abd as-Salom ibn abd as-Samad al-Marginani al-Kashgari shows one by one the structure of the epic, the styles of the calligrapher and separately written lines. Information is given about such textual terms as “gloss” and “interpolation”.

  The article reveals the views of representatives of the “New Kalam Science” movement. Representatives of this movement came to the conclusion that the scientific information used to prove religious issues with intellectual evidence could change over time, and shed light on the themes of the word through new scientific concepts that have emerged as a result of scientific and technological advances. They sought to repel the onslaught of emerging philosophical currents and views and to address the dubious and enigmatic questions of the minds of contemporary Muslims.

  It is known that in the Middle Ages the land of Transoxiana was one of the cradles of science. Great scientists who have made a great contribution to the development of world civilization have grown out of it. One of such scientists is Makhmoud Zamakhshari.

The article analyzes his maqamas and their features. This article provides interesting information for researchers studying the genre of maqams in Arabic literature, its historical development.

Keywords: Makhmoud Zamakhshari, maqama, genre, prose, story, saj.

  This article explains one of the Islamic sources, sunnah, and its meanings. The verses that prove that the Sunnah is a document in Islamic law are cited, and the categories that deny the Sunnah as solid evidence and their views are highlighted. It also cites the denials made by Islamic scholars to the views of denial groups and their content.

  This article explains their specific method by analyzing the terms jarh and tadeel used in the writings of the muhaddiths.The science of jarh and tadeel in the study of hadith is of great importance, pointing out the shortcomings or justice of the narrators. Examples are given from the point of view of hadith scholars about the science of jarh and tadeel, and some analysis is given in this regard.

Abstract: The article discusses the formation and development of diplomatic relations in the early Islamic period, in particular, ambassadorial relations.

In particular, the sending of Muslim ambassadors to foreign countries during the period of Islamic development in Madinah, the reception of ambassadors from foreign countries in Madinah, and the requirements for the rank of ambassador in Islamic law. The article also discusses important issues in Islamic law, such as diplomatic inviolability and the inviolability of ambassadors’ property in times of war and peace.

  Uzbekistan for centuries has been a center of coexistence and cooperation of peoples with different religions, cultures and lifestyles. The goal of a healthy inter-religious dialogue in the country is to prevent a mood of mutual hostility, establish inter-religious relations based on mutual respect and ensure the peaceful coexistence of religious confessions and, most importantly, the formation of a culture of peace. The traditions of religious tolerance formed in Uzbekistan can serve as a model for other countries.

Key words: religion, religious tolerance, confession, faith, freedom of conscience, interethnic harmony, social security.

  In ancient times, the totality of primitive human ideas about the universe was reflected in myths and included ideas about the creation of the universe, the creation of man, plants and animals, the appearance of celestial bodies, the causes and essence of natural phenomena, mythical heroes and gods. Mythological legends were a way of knowing the world by ancient peoples

Abstract. Knowledge of different languages and cultures, ethnic and linguistic tolerance, the ability to accept the positive aspects of the worldview of other people give society new ideas and contribute to the influx of new socio-economic resources. This is evidenced by the example of Uzbekistan, the history of the Uzbek ethnos and statehood, which arose and enriched in the interaction of many peoples at the universal, linguistic and cultural level. Interethnic harmony and mutual understanding became a decisive factor in the formation of the new Uzbek statehood, as a result of which society began to free itself from internal interethnic conflicts characteristic of the transition period.

Abstract: Despite the fact that asceticism as a spiritual practice exists in almost all religions in its own way, each of them gives its own meaning and significance to this state (phenomenon). At the same time, there are general aspects of the ascetic state.

This article analyzes the evolution of the phenomenon of asceticism in Christianity. Based on the research of Eastern and West scholars who have conducted research in this field, the essence of asceticism in Christianity is rarely revealed, as well as the commonalities and differences between the concepts of sects of Christianity.

  This article is devoted to the issue of the Islamic factor in international legal relations. It analyzes and evaluates the role and importance of Islam in the modern system of international relations from the angle of international law. According to the author, the growing number of Muslims in the world, the increasing number of Muslim-majority countries, the intensification of the activities of international Islamic organizations, the frequent application of references to Islamic law in international treaties and international jurisprudence, and the expending interest in Islamic teachings directly depend on Islamic factor. The author maintains that, as long as the Islamic world and civilization, Islamic states and Muslim countries exist, the Islamic factor, which embodies Islamic values of international legal relations, will remain important today and in the future.

  This article examines the spiritual principles and creative features of the updated policy of civil society development in Uzbekistan.Along with the current study of spirituality, it presents the principles of historicity and modernity, continuity and interconnection, objectivity and legality, system and institutionalization, innovation and dynamism, which are the spiritual principles of the development policy of civil society.

  The study of Eastern cultures by European Orientalists took an increasingly philological direction, avoiding generalizations in favor of detail and factuality. Despite the different reasons for the emergence of Oriental studies, this science served to the mutual enrichment of civilizations. Along with other branches of Oriental studies, Islamic studies has also being developed, the beginning of the formation of which dates back to the middle of the 19th century. Among the Islamic sciences, special attention is paid to the study of Islamic law.

This article discusses the origin and development of research on Islamic law in Europe. It also analyzes the approaches of orientalists to the study of Islamic law in Europe.

  The article presents information about the faqih Abdulaziz ibn Ahmad ibn Nasr ibn Salih al-Hanafi al-Bukhari al-Khalvani from Bukhara, the origin of his name, his teachers, students, travels and writings.

Keywords: Maverannahr, al-Khalvani, Bukhara, Hanafi, halvah, nickname, attitude, letter.

Abstract: During the years of independence, the interest in foreign historiography has sharply increased in the context of a global approach to history, the possibility of diversity of opinion, the observance of objectivity. The study of the recent history of Uzbekistan on the basis of foreign historiography allows an objective assessment of historical processes. This article provides a comparative analysis of the socio-political processes of Uzbekistan in the years of independence, achievements in the field of culture and enlightenment, domestic and foreign policy processes in Turkey, research centers, periodicals and provides the necessary scientific conclusions.

  This article deals with issues such as the rights and obligations of people, the mutual responsibilities of members of society, and moral norms in Qur’an and hadiths. It is also shown in the example of the norms in Islamic teaching that reflect the humanity of Islamic law, which is based on the protection of human interests.

Keywords: Islamic teachings, Islamic sources, Quran, hadith, human, law, obligation, Islamic law, dignity, freedom, personal rights.

  According to the United Nations Population Division, 49.7% of the world’s population are women. One of the important issues discussed over the past decades in legal, social and political circles, is the protection of women’s rights. Equality is the most important foundation of any democratic society striving for social justice and respect for human rights. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that almost everywhere women are discriminated against to some extent in the family, in society and in the workplace. Our objective is to reveal the causes of this problem and try to find a suitable solution.

  This article focuses on the role and importance of enlightenment ideas for oriental thinkers today. The article discusses the content and essence of Abu Nasr Farobi’s approaches and views on education in his creative work and its role in improving the effectiveness of the educational process today.

This article describes the attempts to disseminate various views, especially Baha’i ideas, among the population during the period of exacerbation of socio-economic and political processes in Turkestan. It is emphasized that the merit of the educators of this region is great in preventing such actions, and the scientific and educational journal Izkharul-Khak played a big role in this.

Yusuf Khas Khadzhib is a thinker who played an important role in the development of the philosophical thought of the medieval Turkic peoples. He was not only a talented writer and linguist, but also a famous philosopher and scientist of his time. The creative heritage of Yusuf Khos Hadjib reflects the history of the Turkic peoples, tribes, family, state, law and morality.

This article describes the history of the development of the national network Tas-IX, religious processes in modern cyberspace, and ways to effectively use the Tas-IX network. The Internet as a global network is based on a data transfer protocol that connects government, educational, commercial and corporate networks. It works via TCP/IP and communicates with each other through different addresses.

This article discusses the negative consequences of the Internet and its impact on young people, the problems of connecting users to social networks and various entertainment sites and ways to overcome them. Political models have been developed to protect the minds of young people from negative information.