Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)

The prominent scholar, imam, jurist, Qur’anic commentator, and Islamic theologian Abul Barakat Hafizuddin al-Nasafi (d. 710/1310), who was raised in Mawarannahr, is regarded as one of the great scholars who made a significant contribution to the Islamic sciences of his time. He received his early education in the scholarly environments of Bukhara and Samarkand. Having studied under the leading jurists of his era, he later trained many students himself. He played an important role in the widespread dissemination of the Hanafi and Maturidi schools in Mawarannahr. The scholar authored approximately sixteen notable and authoritative works in the fields of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), Islamic creed (aqidah), and Qur’anic exegesis (tafsir).

This article examines, based on sociological analysis, the impact of religious tolerance, interfaith relations, and social stereotypes related to the level of religiosity on social security in the context of New Uzbekistan. Using empirical sociological survey data, the study assesses the prevalence of religious discrimination in society, its forms, latent characteristics, and its influence on the level of social trust. In addition, the article develops evidence-based recommendations aimed at strengthening social stability.

This article examines the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in contemporary society and their impact on the formation of social consciousness and value systems. The digital environment is analyzed as a significant factor influencing worldview, moral perceptions, and social behavior. Particular attention is paid to algorithmic filtering mechanisms that may generate the “echo chamber” effect and selective consciousness formation. At the same time, ICT contributes to the development of critical thinking, global awareness, and the expansion of social initiatives. The study interprets ICT not merely as a technological tool but as a complex social mechanism shaping public consciousness.

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between the level of personal maturity and political tolerance of students of higher educational institutions. The paper examines the psychological mechanisms that determine an individual's ability to accept political views different from their own in the context of general personal development in adolescence. Political tolerance is analyzed as an integrative quality of a mature personality, including cognitive complexity, emotional stability, and value autonomy. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the development of tolerant attitudes from junior to senior years of study. The article substantiates the need to take into account the level of personal maturity when designing civic education programs in higher education.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the concept of ijtihad, its role in the Islamic legal system, as well as its essence and methodological foundations. The study examines the lexical and terminological meanings of ijtihad, its formation based on the Qur’an and Sunnah, and its development within the fiqh tradition starting from the era of the Companions. In addition, it thoroughly analyzes the scholarly and ethical requirements for a mujtahid, the stages of the ijtihad process, and the interrelationship between its primary sources – namely the Qur’an, Sunnah, ijma‘ (consensus), and qiyas (analogical reasoning).

The article provides a comparative analysis of the institution of “bay’ah” within islamic law and modern political systems. It explores the etymological roots of the term, its historical and mystical-spiritual dimensions, and its significance as a social contract in state administration. Furthermore, the study provides a scholarly substantiation of the mutual correlation and proportionality between the historical traditions of bay’ah and contemporary democratic electoral processes, as well as concepts of political legitimacy.

This article analyzes the emergence, historical formation, and activities of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem under various political authorities. In particular, it examines the elevation of the Church to patriarchal status, the significance of the Council of Chalcedon in this process, and the transformation of Jerusalem into a major Christian pilgrimage center during the Byzantine period. The study also explores the legal status, religious authority, and role concerning holy sites of the Patriarchate under Byzantine rule, the Arab Caliphate, the Crusades, the Mamluks, and the Ottoman Empire.

This article examines the life and scholarly activity of the 9th–10th century scholar Tahir al-Maqdisi, with particular attention to his contributions to comparative religious studies. It analyzes his works related to the study of religions, the research conducted on his intellectual legacy, and especially his only extant work, ‘al-Badʾ wa al-Tarikh’ (The Beginning and History). The article highlights the significance of this work in the study of other religions and their sources, as well as its contemporary relevance. ‘Al-Badʾ wa al-Tarikh’ constitutes an important source not only for historical studies, but also for the history of culture and religions, kalam (Islamic theology), and Islamic philosophy. The work consists of twenty-two chapters and addresses such themes as knowledge and ignorance, reason and emotion, creed, monotheism, prophethood, messengership, the caliphates, the Companions, various religions, beliefs, legal traditions, sects, deviant groups, and the refutations directed against them.

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of the enlightenment approach in preventing youth radicalization. It reveals the spiritual, ideological, and informational factors of radicalization, and extensively highlights the role and preventive capabilities of the family, mahalla, education system, mass media, and civic education in forming an ideological immunity against it. The priority areas for preventing radicalization among youth are analyzed.

This article examines the historical formation of the mahalla system in the Muslim world and its role in social and interreligious relations. The mahalla is analyzed as an important social institution that ensures not only territorial organization but also social control, mutual assistance, religious life, and economic cooperation. The study traces the development of the mahalla from early settlements in Mecca and Medina through the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman periods. Particular attention is given to the coexistence of different religious communities in regions such as the Middle East, Central Asia, and Andalusia. The article concludes that the mahalla system played a significant role in fostering social integration and interreligious interaction while preserving ethnic and religious diversity.

The article analyzes Nasiruddin Samarkandi’s views on ethics regulating social relations. Also, the scientist’s ideas on the content and interpretation of concepts such as monotheism, consent, asceticism, silence, lust in the science of Sufism, which summarizes Islamic ethics, are presented. The social significance of the scientist’s moral views in society today and their role in the education and upbringing of young people are revealed.

This article provides a scholarly and Sufi-oriented analysis of Ismail Haqqi Bursevi and his mystical Qur’anic exegesis entitled Rūḥ al-Bayān. The general structure of the work, its sources, and its distinctive features are thoroughly examined. Particular attention is given to the manner in which both the outward (ẓāhir) and inward (bāṭin) meanings of Qur’anic verses are elucidated in this tafsīr. Furthermore, the study analyzes the symbolic (ishārī) interpretative approach employed in the work and its place within Sufi teachings. The article also considers the strengths of the tafsīr as well as certain critical perspectives. As a result, the significance of “Rūḥ al-Bayān” within the science of Qur’anic exegesis is clearly demonstrated.

This article is dedicated to the role of innovative technologies in enhancing the effectiveness of foreign language teaching and the mechanisms for their integration into the educational process. It analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of integrating interactive teaching methods, multimedia tools, and information and communication technologies in creating a digital educational environment. The research highlights the pedagogical conditions for developing students' communicative competence, critical thinking, and motivation for foreign languages through modern technologies. The article includes practical recommendations and solutions aimed at improving the foreign language teaching process.

This article analyzes the scientific and literary environment of XI-XII century Khwarazm and its stages of development through the example of the era of Mahmud al-Zamakhshari. It highlights Khwarazm’s role in the Eastern Renaissance, the patronage of the Khwarazmshahs, the formation of scholarly centers, and the overall intellectual heritage of scholars and literary figures of the period.

The article presents the Uzbek statehood, its administrative apparatus, and methods in Central Asia at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. The views on statehood and state administration, as expressed in the work “Favaid Khaqaniya” by the scholar-philosopher and poet of that period, Muhammad Sharif Bukhari, are reflected.

This article examines the history of the art of bookmaking and calligraphy in Bukhara during the period of the khanates in Mavarannahr. It provides insights into how the traditions of writing, collecting, and decorating books continued through the 16th–18th centuries, noting that certain khans established special libraries where numerous manuscripts were compiled. Consequently, studying the lives and creative works of the masters of this art remains highly relevant today.

This article explores the characteristics of the hadiths known as “Jawami’ al-kalim” granted to the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.), their presence in various narrations, particularly those recorded by imam Bukhari and imam Muslim, using Mulla Ali Qari’s collection “Arba‘una hadisan min Jawami’ al-kalim” as an example. The study examines the lexical and terminological meanings of the concept “Jawami’ al-kalim” and presents definitions provided by several scholars. It also lists works dedicated to this type of hadith and compares Mulla Ali Qari’s method of selecting hadiths with other collections.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the concept of “intellect” (‘aql’) in the Holy Qur’an, its usage in verbal forms, and its role in human cognition. It highlights, based on Qur’anic verses and exegetical interpretations, that intellect serves as a fundamental means guiding human beings toward reflection, moral reasoning, the acquisition of wisdom, and the understanding of truth. Furthermore, the study examines the role of intellect in ethical decision-making and its interrelation with sensory perception and divine revelation within the framework of Islamic philosophy. Relying on the views of scholars such as Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam, al-Ghazali, and al-Shatibi, the article explores the balance between intellect and revelation as well as the significance of the concept of maslaha (public interest). In conclusion, it is emphasized that intellect and revelation do not contradict each other; rather, they function as a harmonious system guiding human beings toward the right path.

This article examines the historical development, formation, and main stages of the science of hadith interpretation (sharh al-hadith). It analyzes the early interpretive practices of the Companions and the Followers, as well as the contributions of classical scholars and their methodological approaches. The study also defines the concept of hadith interpretation and highlights its role within the broader framework of Islamic sciences. Particular attention is given to the contemporary relevance of this discipline in modern scholarship.

This article analyzes the emergence, stages of formation, as well as the genre and stylistic features of the maqāma, a genre that occupies a special place in Arabic literature. Special attention is given to describing the maqāma as a genre based on the harmony of prose and poetry, which demonstrates the author’s mastery through rhetorical ornaments and wordplay. The article also examines the role of Badiʿ al-Zamān al-Hamadhānī in laying the foundation of the maqāma genre.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the articulatory features of Arabic speech sounds. It examines the role of speech organs in the production of sounds, the places of articulation (makhārij al-ḥurūf), and their classification. Additionally, the study highlights the specific articulatory characteristics of Arabic, such as pharyngeal, velar, and emphatic sounds. This article serves as an important theoretical foundation for developing correct pronunciation skills among learners of the Arabic language.

This article examines the theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of homonymy, its place in the language system, and its functional characteristics. It analyzes scholarly perspectives on homonymy in world linguistics, particularly interpretations within semantic, structuralist, and cognitive approaches. The manifestation of homonyms at lexical, grammatical, and syntactic levels is discussed through academic examples. The communicative significance of homonymy in speech and its role in the process of meaning comprehension are also substantiated.

This article analyzes the role of women in society, their spiritual strength, and social significance based on Jurji Zaydan’s novel “The Bride of Fergana.” The image of Jahan in the novel reflects a woman’s patience, resilience, intelligence, and ability to make appropriate decisions in complex life situations. The study also examines the Arab literary renaissance period (An-Nahda), its influence on cultural and literary processes, and its two main directions: the revival of national heritage and the impact of Western culture. Furthermore, the article highlights scholarly evaluations of Jurji Zaydan’s works, his contribution to the development of the historical novel genre, as well as critical perspectives on his writings. Through textual analysis, the educational and moral significance of the female image is scientifically substantiated.