Vol. 5 No. 3 (2022)

Khoresm was a famous place due to its ancient cultural and scientific environment. Especially, this region was known in the Muslim world as a place having high status. A high development scientific environment formed in the region has a great place in its formation as a scientific centre. Mahmud Zamakhshari was born in such a scientific environment. The scholars, who has studied his works and wrote commentaries on these works, has considered Zamakhshari as a teacher. Thus, the scientific environment has developed in this region.

Since the creation of Allah Almighty, human has relied on many methods and methods in conveying his thoughts and expressing what he wants by showing his feelings and declaring his emotions. And whoever performs in the field of language teaching for non-native speakers realizes the great value and high status of the image in the educational process, as he finds that its role is greater and the need for it is greater than other fields.

The use of modern interactive, innovative educational technologies, in particular, the use of the project method in teaching students the Arabic language as a method of developing learning, aimed at developing independent research skills (such as problem-solving, collecting and processing information, analyzing and synthesizing the results) helps to increase the level of students’ training and stimulate their activity in the learning.

The works of Hakim Tirmidhi contain very interesting information on lexicology. In an environment where sciences are considered as a whole, Tirmidhi strives to get to the deep meaning of every word. To do this, he connects Arabic word formation with the internal meaning of the word, distinguishes between original and non-original words, and draws conclusions that letters carry a semantic load in the word. He also claims that there are no synonyms in the Qur’an and that every word is unique, even if it has a similar meaning.

The article is devoted to the review of textbooks in the field of textology and literary source studies published in 2017-2019 by scientists such as Q.Sodikov, Sh.Sirojiddinov, and A.Erkinov. According to the author of the article, the topics covered in the methodological manuals are important because they reflect issues in the field of personnel training. The article also offers suggestions for the development of textual criticism and literary source studies.

The article examines the ideas of Islamic civilization, humanism and religious tolerance in German literature and conducts a comparative study of their historical sources. In German literature, the ideas of humanity and tolerance are especially recognized for illuminating virtues such as love, respect and generosity among peoples. On the basis of historical sources, the author classifies the spiritual and moral categories of the East, the history of the culture of peoples, the essence of Islamic civilization and Islamic teachings, tolerance, interest in eastern traditions, features of the social image of a person. At the same time, the article scientifically substantiates the contribution of German educators to the broader promotion of interreligious and intercultural tolerance and humanism in the world.

In the situation of post-secularism, polyconfessionalism, secular education, the state-guaranteed right to freedom of conscience, the media function of a teacher of religious studies at a university is actualized as an intermediary in the dialogue between believers and non-believers, between students of different confessions, between religious studies and theology. In this regard, the combination of the principles of the phenomenology of religion and the concrete historical approach seems to be the optimal methodological basis for teaching these academic subjects.

In this article, the example of tolerance shown by the Uzbek people in history, the issue of faith and belief that motivated them to this virtue, the attitude towards tolerance in the Islamic religion and the huge rewards promised in Islamic sources for this high human virtue are highlighted through the Qur’anic verses and hadiths.

The term and concept “marsiya” entered the ancient Turkic literature along with the Islamic culture due to its artistic and aesthetic function. Among the forms of expression existing in Turkish poetry, such as crying, mourning, bitig occupies a fixed place. The Orkhun-Enasai inscriptions, poetic excerpts from “Devonu lugotit-Turk” by Mahmud Kashkari (“Devon of Turkic words”) serve as the basis for the study of ancient Turkic poetry. During the scientific and theoretical study of these monuments in our literature, important scientific observations were made. Special mention should be made of the scientific research of the famous Russian Türkologists S.E. Malova, I. V. Stebleva.

The article is devoted to the analysis of historicisms in Agahi’s work “Shahidu-l-Iqbal”. They consist of Arabic and Persian borrowings. One of the characteristic features of the lexicon of Agahi’s works is that many new formations are formed in them through certain lexical units. Although they are considered historical stratum units today, for the last stage of the old Uzbek literary language, these units were considered unique new words widely used by Agahi. The article focuses on historicisms such as tashka, garm, bakhshish, and ganj.

The article describes the objective and subjective reasons for the development of Arabic literature, as well as some problems in the teaching of Arabic literature. Misunderstandings that arose in the teaching of Arabic literature, its analysis, acquaintance with writers and poets were analyzed.

The article tells about the work “Al-Mustasfa” by the well-known jurist of the Hanafi school, commentator and Imam Hafiziddin Abul Barakat Nasafi. Information about the creation, scientific significance and value of the work is given, definitions given to it in the sources are given. Also, well-known works used in writing the work are given as examples.

It is clear that pronouns are not a separate word group in Arabic grammar. They are part of the noun phrase, and therefore its types are called “أسماء اإلشارة “- demonstrative nouns which are indicating or pointing to (objects), “اإلستفهام أسماء“interrogative (about objects), “الموصول أسماء “- connective nouns. أسماء اإلستفهام- corresponds to interrogative pronouns in Uzbek, and it is discussed the interrogative pronouns and their grammatical functions in speech in this article.

It is no coincidence that Termez has long been called “madinatu-r-rizhol” (the city of heroes). That is, scholars, commentators, mystics, muhaddis, mutakallims and artists have grown up on this sacred land. There were many people in various fields of science who contributed with their scientific potential and deep thinking. One of these people was the famous painter, poet and miniature painter Dzhudoi Termezi, originally from Termez. His high creative potential is widely known in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. In the palace of Akbarshah, the great representative of the Baburi dynasty, an art school was founded. Under the pseudonym Judoi, he wrote romantic and oriphon poetry. The article examines the life and work of Judoy Termizi, the political and social environment of that period. There are also examples of graceful drawings.

This article describes the life of a mature scholar of the Hanafi school hafiz, muhaddith, fakih and sufi Jamal al-din Zaila’i, who is famous in the Islamic world as the author of the work “Nasb al-rayah”, which is considered a rare source of the science of hadith, especially the science of takhrij. The article also provides information about Zailai’s studies, his teachers, scholars’ opinions about him and his scientific heritage.

In this article, it is noted that the norms of Islamic law, while guaranteeing people their rights and freedoms, impose certain obligations on them, and it is determined that a person must fulfill certain duties before his family, the society in which he lives, and the government. It is explained that the obligations defined in the Islamic Shari’a are divided into several categories according to their source and legal consequences. Also, in Burhoniddin Marginani’s work “Al-Hidaya” the specific aspects of obligations in financial prayers are analyzed.

The article reveals the views of Hussein Atay, one of the representatives of the “New Kelam Science” movement. Atay emphasized that the renewal of kelam could only be achieved through a return to the Qur’an. However, his concept of judging only from the Qur’an is radically different from that of kharijites and Salafism. Hussein Atay was also critical to the traditional culture. Atay’s critical approach has led him to view some of the issues that really exist in the Sunni creed as heresy. For instance, “qaza and qadar”.

This article deals with state and religious relations in Central Asia, after The First World War before gaining independence, in particular the relationship between religion and state in the Uzbek SSR, the views of the Soviet government on theologians, the activities of SADUM (Spiritual administration of Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan), and the actions of Central Asian scientists on the way to the development of religious sciences. It also provides information about the movement of the Jadids, about the active actions of the people to preserve Islamic traditions and customs.

The article scientifically highlights the issues of the essence, the distinctive features of spiritual tourism from other segments of general tourism, the opportunities and factors for the development of this type of tourism in Uzbekistan and the measures taken in this direction.

The proposed article discusses such topical issues as the role and place of gerontological pedagogy in schools of Western and Eastern worldviews, as well as topical problems of the older generation, the study, and analysis of the above issues. In addition, the article contains the development of the necessary scientific and practical proposals, and a new approach to the problem, taking into account existing conditions.

This article describes the use of modern interactive methods in order to improve the efficiency of the educational process of higher educational institutions. Also, content development and system capabilities are featured on the Quizizz platform, one of the most effective platforms used to stimulate student interest in science and mastery of the subject during class.

This article presents a simplified method and algorithm for image processing in today’s information security, including the processing of gray images into color, low-quality images, and the results obtained from a system based on these methods and algorithms. The article provides methods and algorithms for the application of simplified algorithms to the public in the visual form, as well as the conversion of old, gray images to color, various low-quality images to high quality appearance on the basis of modern technologies.