Vol. 3 No. 4 (2020)

In this article, based on medieval sources, the activity of the well-known representative of the Yassawi Tariqah, Ayhadzha ibn Tashhadzha, popularly known as Zangi Ata (13th century), is studied. In particular, the manuscripts and poems of the poet Hayaliy are analyzed based on the manuscripts preserved in the Manuscript Fund of the Abu Rayhan Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The article examines the features of the development of democratic elements in Egyptian society, the formation and strengthening of democracy, analyzes the role and place of Egypt in international life, its foreign policy activities from the standpoint of a democratic society. The positions and approaches of radical religious parties and organizations in relation to democratic reforms in the country are investigated.

Ушбу мақола Британия империясининг Малайзия ярим оролига кириб келиши сабабларини излашга интилади. Ушбу тадқиқот Британия аралашувининг асосий сабабларидан бири Малайзия давлатига кириб келиши орқали савдо имкониятлари кенгайиши билан боғлиқлигини аниқлади. Яна бир сабаб Малайзия аҳолисининг турли хил кланлари ўртасидаги урушлар билан боғлиқ эди. Ва ниҳоят, инглизлар сиямларнинг келажакда Малая штатларига аралашишини истамадилар.

The article examines changes in the domestic policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) at the end of the 20th century, in particular, the liberalization and expansion of the powers of the president, as well as the conduct of an independent foreign policy by the president without the approval of other authorities (namely, the clergy). As a result, Tehran began to fulfill its foreign policy tasks, which in turn contributed to maintaining friendly relations with the Arab monarchies of the Persian Gulf.

The Uzbek people have always respected and honored religious and universal values. This article is devoted to the study of religious terms, which are one of the samples of Uzbek folk oral creativity.

This article provides information on the foreign policy of Amir Temur, the failure of the “Trinity Alliance” between the Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamishkhan, the Ottoman Sultan Boyazid Yildirim, and the Mamluk Sultan Sultan Barquq against Amir Temur, which had never given its results, based on the historical research. Therefore, It also highlights the peculiarities of the entrepreneur’s vigilance, entrepreneurship, of Amir Temur,which always brought him victory, and became a worthy example for today and the future.

Based on an analysis of the sources, the article discusses some features and aspects of the trade and economic ties of the Russian Empire with China through Turkestan at the end of the 19 th - beginning of the 20 th centuries, identified objects of import and export in the study period. The author analyzes the development of customs on the border of Turkestan and China.

The study discusses the scientific controversy surrounding the famous Quranic stories. The article discusses the role and significance of these stories in the history of Islam, and also provides the main conclusions drawn from the Quranic stories. Approaching the translation of the meanings of the Holy Quran from an Islamic point of view, the author retains a relatively free philosophical thinking and draws conclusions using reliable sources.

This article examines issues related to human rights, commercial and labor law, family law in the hadiths. The main focus is on socio-anthropological issues, not Islamic law, jurisprudence mechanisms, the functioning of legal institutions and norms in them. In Islamic jurisprudence, it is said that a person, his life is manifested and protected in commercial and labor law, family relations.

This article is devoted to the study of the names of the narrators of the hadith. Examples of studying the names of hadith narrators are given and some analysis is given in this regard.

In the article the personality of the founder of a way of perfection Nakshbandiya Bakhauddin Nakshband (1318-1389) reveals as conscientiousness and honesty symbol, exploration of life and creativeness in period of independence, his spiritual heritage. Besides this, the understanding of his correct way of life and his understanding of honesty and conscientiousness, his edification of honesty and decency, meaning of motto “In heart-god, and hands-in work” and application of these ideas in modern Uzbekistan is given.

This article is about Uwais Qarani, one of the great representatives of Sufism. His personality, biography and role in the history of Sufism are illuminated. Also, detailed information about the tradition of Uwaysism is given. In the article, the origin of uwaysisim, its types and conditions are reflected. In the conclusion part, the author spokes about the representatives of Sufism who educated through uwaysism Ke ywords: Sufism, Sufi, Mysticism, Spiritual Purity, Khanakah, Tariqah, Philosophy of Sufism. Тасаввуфда увайсилик атамасининг келиб чиқиши Муҳаммад (571­632) саллолоҳу алайҳи васалламнинг замондошлари бўлсада, у зотни бирон марта кўришга муваффақ бўлолмаган Увайс ибн Омир ибн Жузъ ибн Молик ал- Қараний ал-Муродий ал-Яманий номи билан боғланади. У таҳминан 594 йил таваллуд топган. Ямандаги Мурод қабиласининг шўбаси бўлган Қаранликдир. У муҳадрамлардан бўлиб, бу атама жоҳилият ва рисолат даврида яшаган аммо Расули акрамни кўришга муваффақ бўлолмаган кишиларга нисбатан ишлатилади. Гарчи Пайғамбар саллолоҳу алайҳи васалламни кўрмаган бўлса ҳам у зотдан маънавий таълим олиш бахтига мушарраф бўлиб, ўзидан кейинги суфийларга бу йўл мерос бўлиб қолишига сабаб бўлди. У киши ҳақида имом Заҳабий (1274-1348) “Сияр Аълам ан-Нубала» (4/19)да шундай деди: “ Зоҳид пешво, ўз замонида тобеъинлар раҳнамоси. У киши Аллоҳнинг тақводор авлиёларидан ҳамда Унинг мухлис бандаларидан эди ”. Имом Ҳоким (ваф. 405 ҳ) ҳам “Мустадрок” (3/455)да Увайс Қаранийнинг маноқиблари ҳақида алоҳида боб очди. У киши ҳақида шундай деди: “Увайс ушбу умматнинг обидидир”. Алишер Навоий (1441-1501) “Насоимул муҳаббат” асарида Шайх Увайс Қараний ҳақида қуйидагиларни келтиради: “Аллоҳнинг пайғамбари айтган: Увайс Қараний эҳсон ва меҳрибонлиги билан тобиинларнинг яхшисидур. Гоҳ-гоҳ Хожаи олам саллоллоҳу алайҳи васаллам муборак юзин Ямон сори қилиб дер эдиким, мен Худонинг нафасини Яман томонидан туймоқдаман. Бировнинг васфиким, онинг вассофи Хожаи коинот бўлғай ва нафаси нафаси раҳмон бўлғай, васф қилмоқ ғоят беодоблик бўлғай. Ҳам Хожаи коинот буюрубдурким, тонгла қиёмат куни етмиш минг фариштани Увайс сурати била яратқой. То ул аларнинг орасида аросатға кириб, беҳиштга борғай. То ҳеч кимга маълум қилмағай. Тенгридан ўзгаки, ул қайси биридурки, ул дунёдан барча халқ кўзидан ёшурун Тенгри таолоға қуллуқ қилур эрди. Қиёмат доғи Тенгри Islom tafakkuri (4-son) 2020 57 Иброҳим Адҳам (ваф.166/782) тасаввуф тарихида увайсилик йўли билан таълим олган биринчи шахс ҳисобланади. У кишини Хизр алайҳис салом ва Увайс Қаранийдан таълим олгани келтирилади. Боязид Бистомий ҳам Жаъфар ас-Содиқдан ўн икки йил таълим олиб сайру сулукини охирига тамомлаган шу йўналишнинг илк вакилларидан бирига айланган. Абул Ҳасан Харақоний (963 – 1033) эса Боязид Бистомийдан файз олишга муваффақ бўлган. Гарчи орадан йиллар ўтган бўлса ҳам худди тириклардан таълим олгандек устоз- шогирд муносабати пайдо бўлган. Юқоридаги рўйхатни яна узоқ давом эттириш мумкин. Жумладан, Баҳоуддин Нақшбанд ҳам шу тариқа Абдухолиқ Ғиждувоний (1103 – 1179) ва Ҳаким Термизийдан маънавий таълим олган. Баҳоуддин Нақшбанд(1318 – 1389) нинг шогирдлари унинг силсиласини давом эттирсаларда, у аслида Хожагон тариқатининг асосчиси Абдулхолиқ Ғиждувоний руҳидан увайсилик асосида таълим олганини қайд этиш зарур. Хожа Баҳоуддин кўплаб тирик шайхлар суҳбатига етган бўлса ҳам, вафот этган улуғ валийлар руҳони самосиятларидан файз олиб, камолга эришган. Шу боис кўплаб тасаввуфга оид китобларда Баҳоуддин Нақшбанднинг увайси бўлгани келтирилган[6:14]. Юқорида айтиб ўтганимиздек, тасаввуф тарихида илк увайсилик йўли билан Хизр алайхиссалом ва Увайс Қаранийдан файз олган шахс Иброҳим Адҳам (166/782) ҳисобланиб, Боязид ал-Бистомийнинг эса Жаъфар ас- Содиқ(702-765)дан файз олгани ҳақидаги маълумотлар учрайди. Шуни алоҳида қайд этиш керакки, увайсилик пирлари сифатида Ҳизр алайҳис салом, Баҳоуддин Нақшбанд, Абдухолиқ Ғиждувоний ва Ҳаким Термизий ҳам алоҳида ўрин тутади. Ўтиб кетган авлиёларнинг маънавиятидан увайсилик усулида таълим-тарбия олаётган ҳар бир суфий тирик шайхдан ҳам дарс олган. Кўплаб тасаввуф аҳлинининг фикрларига кўра, бу анча ишончли усул саналади. Чунки, тушда авлиёдан маълумот олган солик тушини софлигини текшириш, ёлғон эмаслигига ишонч ҳосил қилиш учун ҳаётий шайхига мурожаат қилган. Кўрган тушлари шариат ва тариқатга мувофиқлигини аниқлаган. Уни текширмаслик эса адашиш ва шубҳага сабаб бўлишидан қўрққан[7]. Бундан кўринадики, увайсилик орқали таълим олувчининг албатта тирик шайхи, пири бўлиши шарт қилинган. Шайтон ёки жинлар Абдулқодир Гийлоний, Хизр, Увайс Қараний қиёфасига кириб инсоннинг тушида намоён бўлиши мумкин. Янги соликни чалғитиши ва йўлдан уришга уриниши табиий ҳол. Ана шундай пайтда тирик устоздан маслаҳат олиш ва тушни рўё ёки раҳмоний эканини аниқлаб олиш зарур бўлган. Шу сабаб Баҳоуддин Нақшбанднинг ўзлари бирор кишининг увайсилик орқали талим олишидан кўра тирик шайхга боғланиши яхшироқ деганлар. Бу шубҳадан ҳолилик нуқтаи назаридан айтилган. Аммо увайсиликнинг яна бир тури яъни Расул саллолоҳу алайҳи васалламни тушда кўриб таълим олиш борасидаги қарашлар ижобийдир. Чунки ҳадисга кўра, тушда Пайғамбар саллолоҳу алайҳи васалламни кўрган киши аниқ ўзларини кўрган бўлади чунки шайтон уларни қиёфаларига кира олмаслиги у зотнинг ўзлари томонларидан таъкидланган. Увайсиликнинг бу шакли ишончли ҳисобланади. Хожа Баҳоуддин Нақшбанд ўзларидан бир ярим аср олдин яшаган Абдухолиқ Ғиждувонийдан увайсилик орқали таълим олсаларда замондош устозлари Саййид Амир Кулол (1281-1370) билан боғланиб, ҳақиқий таълимларини у киши орқали тугатганлар. Бундай йўл тутмаслик оқибатида айрим соликларда адашиш, бидъат ва жинларнинг найрангига алданиб қолишга олиб келган ҳолатлар ҳам бўлган[8:3-17]. Хулоса шуки, увайсилик йўли ҳамма суфийларга ҳам насиб бўлмаган. Бу йўл мураккаб ва ихтиёрсиздир. Уни солик танламайди балки, соликни муршид-пир ўзи танлайди. Руҳий тарбия беради. Камолга етиб сайру-сулукини тамомлайди. Руҳий-маънавий талим билан бирга тирик муршиддан ҳам таълим олиши шарт. Чунки, устознинг бўлиши бу ишончлилик даражасини ортишига сабаб бўлади. Ҳар хил гумонларнинг олдини олади. Увайс Қараний қари ва касалманд онасини мунтазам парвариш қилган. Ўз шахсий ҳаётидан воз кечиб фақат онаси учун яшаган.

The following article analyses the problems of the category nafs and its tutoring in the teaching of one of the paramount representatives of the sufi philosophy, theoretician Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al Hasan ibn Bashir al- Hakim Termizi.

Scientists made various jobs until Hanafi’s sect developed and spreaded all over the world. One of such kind of scientists is Abul Huseyn Al Kuduri who was famous for his book named « Muhtasar».He with his unusual knowledge wrote some books devoted to various kinds of sphere in religion and played an importand role in Hanafi’s sect.

The analysis of the current events and the socio ­political situation in the world requires increasing the effectiveness of activities in the field of religion and enlightenment and the creation of an integrated system of training qualified personnel. The importance of religious education in the fight against ignorance is that tolerance, non­discrimination, the elimination of any spiritual threats. is created. The article examines the specifics of social, political and ideological processes in Uzbekistan in the context of globalization and universalization.

This article describes the concept of gender in Eastern and European antiquity, its definition, the debate over the interpretation of its meaning and the lexical meaning of this concept. Functional gender classification at the theological (pantheon) level in Zoroastrian Avestan society Zoroastrian goddesses such as Chista, Ardvi Sura, Ashi are understood through gender universality.

The article analyzes the manifestation of technocratic, deconstructive and psychoanalytic models of being and existence of ontological features of virtual space and cyberspace of virtual space and cyberspace, in particular, the ontological model. In addition, the essence of identity and the content of the identification process in cyberspace, as well as their manifestation through mobile messengers, are highlighted, analyzing the primary place in current processes.

Беруний энциклопедик олим сифатида кўплаб асарлар ёзиб қолдирди. Динлар тарихи билан боғлиқ асарларида христианлик динининг пайдо бўлиши, кенгашлари (соборлар), ибодат маросимлари, муқаддас китоблари ва христиан оқимлар ўртасидаги зиддиятларни ёритган. Мингйиллар аввал пайдо бўлган христианлик анъаналарини мерос қилиб олган авлиё Павел тўғрисида ҳам фикрлари мавжуд. Мақолада Берунийнинг христианликка оид қарашлари таҳлил этилган.

The biography of Numan ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa in the form of separate books, articles in biographical collections has been written a lot and is still being studied. In independent Uzbekistan, as in the East and West, an objective study of its vital activity has already been established. In this article, we will also try to shed some light on the image of Abu Hanifa.

In the article, Amir Khusrav Dekhlavi’s huge heritage in the qasida genre is tried to study briefly. The article aims to study the ideological and artistic system of the poet’s works, to identify the poet’s skills in the qasida genre, and also to define the role of his writings in the history of Persian-Tajik literature through analyzing his qasida. Amir Khusrav wrote in all the genres of Persian literature in his time. He is also a rarely found philosopher in the field of qasida writing. The poet’s entire works are full of philosophical thoughts about God, the universe, the human being, the life, the earth, the love, and has become a unique heritage due to the perfect choice of words in his works.

Scholars from Uzbekistan have done a great job in all areas of Islamic science. Along with hadith, aqeedah, Islamic jurisprudence, tafsir and other areas, the sciences of sufism have also developed in our country. This article provides information about the great mystic scholar from our country, the founder of the Kubravian doctrine Najmiddin Kubro, his life and the interpretation of the mystical Qur’an.

The article provides information about the peculiarities, role in the development of historical science, importance in the historiographical field of the work of the famous medieval historian Ibn Jarir at-Tabari “Tarikh ar- rusul val muluk”, recognized by orientalists and the unique style of the historian.

Maqolada tildagi variantlashuv hodisasida muhim o‘rin tutadigan funksional ekvivalentlik munosabatlari haqida so‘z yuritiladi. بررسی کردن [barresi kardan] fe’li tadqiqot obyekti sifatida keng tadqiq qilinadi, uning leksik-semantik variantlari aniqlanadi. Leksik-semantik variantlari klassifikatsiya qilinib, ma’no guruhlariga ajrati­ ladi va har bir ma’no guruhining funksional- ekvivalentlari aniqlanadi. Aniqlangan funksional ekvivalentlar manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida بررسی کردن [barresi kardan] qo‘shma fe’li o‘zining besh ma’no guruhidagi o‘n oltita ma’no qatorida oltmishdan ortiq so‘z bilan funksional ekvivalentlik munosabatiga kirishishi aniqlanadi.

Maqolada gumanistik peda­ gogika genezisi haqida, uning Markaziy Osiyoda paydo bo’lishi va roli. Markaziy Osiyoning buyuk mutafakkirlari intellektual merosining roli tahlil qilingan: Forobiy, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Alisher Navoiy. Sharqning taniqli shoiri, mutafakkiri va olimi Yusuf Balasaguniyning ijodi batafsil ko’rib chiqilgan. Uning “Qudatgu bilig” (“Baxtli bilim”) she’ri tahlil qilinib, tarbiyaviy, tarbiyaviy va insonparvarlik maqsadlarini ko’zlaydi.

This article is devoted to the specific features of the processes of cognition in Sufism. As you know, in the theory of Sufism, the process of knowledge is one of the central issues. In the course of the research, the historical, philosophical, and source-study aspects of the topic were thoroughly investigated, revealing their contemporary academic and practical relevance. The theoretical propositions and conclusions presented in the article serve as a valuable resource for specialists and researchers in Islamic studies, history, and social sciences. Furthermore, the obtained findings contribute to addressing key challenges in promoting the harmony of national and universal spiritual values.

The article analyzes the development of pedagogical abilities in teachers, the importance of professional skills and communicative competencies in the education system. In the course of the research, the historical, philosophical, and source-study aspects of the topic were thoroughly investigated, revealing their contemporary academic and practical relevance. The theoretical propositions and conclusions presented in the article serve as a valuable resource for specialists and researchers in Islamic studies, history, and social sciences. Furthermore, the obtained findings contribute to addressing key challenges in promoting the harmony of national and universal spiritual values.

The relevance of the topic is due to the severity of the social problems of modern society, rooted in the low level of spiritual and moral culture of a significant part of people. At the same time, the problem of spirituality and morality, spiritual and moral formation of the personality in modern scientific, including pedagogical psychology, turned out to be the least studied and studied. This article lists the mechanisms of spiritual and moral development of the personality of students and the psychological factors of this process.

There are the analysis the current situation of the mechanisms of support for young women in leadership positions, the problems of young women in education and science as a key factor for their growth in positions, the practical recommendations concerning the problems in Uzbekistan in this article.

In the article, it has been developed that test methods that allow to diagnose students` psychological predisposition for religious scientific gospels. It was created that convenient and effective system program that allows to identify and psychologically diagnose predisposition of students for following various misleading religious flows.

The article discusses such issues as the mechanism of innovative principles and values in the spiritual sphere, the widespread use of the achievements of world science and innovations in the formation of the modern image of the new Uzbekistan. Opinions were expressed about strengthening public control over the formation of a new spiritual image in society, legislation in the Oliy Majlis, an effective system for further improving the management mechanism in the executive branch.

Since the second half of the twentieth century in the world, the popularization of computers and Internet communications has led to the emergence of a number of socio-economic problems at the beginning of the XXI century, along with the impact on all aspects of human practice, in particular on religious processes. Throughout human history, the speed and importance of data transfer have been one of the main tools for making cyberspace as popular as it is today. Therefore, the study of religious and spiritual processes related to cyberspace and plays an important role.

This article proposes algorithms to increase the efficiency of character separation in an image in terms of identification based on the image of the cochlea. The images given in the first step of these algorithms are filtered using a Gabor filter. In the second stage, the characteristic characters are extracted from the images of the cochlea using the geometric character separation method. The developed algorithms can be used in the organization of software packages of different types, aimed at solving the problem of classification of objects given in the form of images.

This article is devoted to the study of the conditions and features of Salam sale contracts, adopted in Islamic jurisprudence, and its aspects distinguishing it from other Islamic contracts. Also, the article discusses the application of Salam contract by Islamic financial institutions as a financial instrument.

Ушбу тақризда тадқиқотчи Шовосил Зиёдовнинг Ўрта Осиё сфрагистикаси тарихига бағишланган янги каталоги таҳлил қилинади. Китобда Тошкент вилояти ва унга туташ ҳудудларда қўлланилган тарихий муҳрлар ва уларнинг босма намуналари илмий тавсифланган. Муаллиф шарқ қўлёзмаларида учрайдиган муҳрларни аниқлаш, тизимлаштириш ва уларнинг эгалари ҳақида қимматли маълумотларни тўплашда катта ҳажмдаги ишларни амалга оширган. Тақризчи ушбу нашрнинг соҳа ривожидаги аҳамиятини юқори баҳолайди.