Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021)

The present article is devoted to the short history of the ancient Chinese govern-ment system. We will make a reference to a legend in order to have an idea on the government ruling. «Once upon a time, the ruler of China was a wise Yan. When the ruler reached an old age, he decided to choose Shun, a man full of energy and abilities, as a successor. Over time, Shun also declared that he would hand over the power the one who is able to save the people from the flood. And it was only the great Yu who managed to cope with the task». And the very filling of responsibility defined the principle of the government system of ancient China.

The expected possible sharp transformation of the internal political situation in Afghanistan in the context of the beginning the complete withdrawal from the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan of foreign coalition forces headed by the United States again actualizes the issue of impact of the radical Islamic groups and movements on the state and unresolved Afghan problem. Deobandi Islamic school (movement), affiliated with the Taliban Movement, which played a certain role in the formation of the Taliban and its entry into the political scene of Afghanistan, where the war has been waged under the slogans of Islam for more than four decades, can be attributed to such forces.

Problems in the Middle East directly affect Turkey’s interests from security to economy. During the Cold War, Turkey did not take part in Middle East affairs. The political atmosphere gave Turkish politicians to pursue a new policy. This article focuses on Turkey’s new foreign policy towards the Middle East and reflects the perception of the situation in Syria and Lebanon.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the fundamental factors that contributed to the further spread of Arab-Muslim culture, which to some extent helped the Arabs to popularize the conditionally “new” dogma and thereby realize the Arab-Muslim culture as a civilizational aspect of world history in the period of early Islam. he scientific work shows the legitimization of the Arab-Muslim culture on the example of the initial Arab-Muslim pact between the Prophet Muhammad and the administrative aristocracy of Mecca, which turned out to be the starting point for the further emission of the young culture of the Arabian Peninsula.

The article analyzes the work of Muhammad Hakim Termizi, one of the thinkers who left an important mark on the history of world intellectual development. Based on the sources, the activities of the scientist in various fields are presented In an attempt to find a common ground that unites his views, it was concluded that this development of integrity and consistency had reached the point of doctrine.

The article is devoted to the poetry of the outstanding Yemeni poet, writer, and critic ‘Abd al-’Aziz al-Maqalih. He has more than 15 books of poems, dozens of critical articles, and several studies on the literature of Yemen. ‘Abd al-’Aziz al-Mqalih is an active member of the Union of Yemeni Writers. ‘Abd al-’Aziz al-Maqalih also lectures on modern Arabic literature at the University of Sana’a.

The article provides the information about Fakhrul-islam Pazdavi’s book “Usul” which is famous in the science of usul al-fiqh and its manuscripts. The differences and advantages of the manuscripts of the work kept in Tashkent libraries from other copies in the world book funds have been noted. The impact of the work on the literature of the later period written in the sphere and its current significance have been also discussed in the article.

The article deals with the scientific and cultural environment of the Arab Caliphate in the early Middle Ages and the history of its important branches. The Abbasid dynasty that ruled during this period paid special attention to the scientific environment. During this time many important works were written in the field of history and literature. This article gives you a brief overview on the features, style and current state of the art. After the work of the poet, the direction of the siren is discussed. It provides information on early medieval historians and their works.

The role of hadith in the life of the companions, their great interest towards hadith in the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh) were analyzed on the basis of hadith collections and other sources in the paper. The early “Kitaba” stage of writing down and collection of hadiths and creation of hadith collections in the period of the companions was explained on the basis of obtained facts from the sources. The significance of the original works was noted, which became the first form of hadith collections.

In this article, we will talk about ranking the narrators of hadith by their homeland. The article deals with such important tasks as giving knowledge to students in teaching the science of Hadith in educational institutions, developing their cognitive abilities, and understanding the pure Islamic faith in them. Examples of studies on the ranking of hadith narrators by their homeland, and some analyses.

The article reveals a scientific analysis of the approaches between doctrinal directions in Islam. According to Islamic teachings, everything from the smallest cells in nature to the largest planets is subject to the laws established by Allah. If there is a wild environment without human influence, you can definitely see uniqueness, balance and tone in it. The article examines how a person’s position in committing good and evil deeds is voluntary and ultimately accountable to the Creator for their choice.

The article reveals the contribution of the Hafiz of the Qur’an to the preservation and transmission of the Holy Scriptures at different stages of its sending and dissemination. Their historical role in the formation of the education of Muslims is determined, which is inextricably linked with the oral and written report to the people of the Book of Allah. Various reliable data are presented, which are valuable evidence on the indicated topic.

This article presents the jurisprudential foundations, arguments, rulings, and specific features of women’s social protection. Special emphasis was placed on issues such as dowry, pensions and inheritance, which are the foundations of women’s social protection. It also analyzes the role of women in society, their comprehensive support, and the statement from Islamic law.

Араб тилида сўзлар икки жинс, яъни музаккар ва муаннaс жинсларга бўлинади. Ҳар икки жинсни ажратиб турувчи морфологик кўрсаткичлар мавжуд бўлсада, баъзида улар ҳам сўзни қайси жинсдалигини ажратиб олишга ёрдам бера олмайди. Мазкур мақолада машҳур араб тилшунослари Аҳмад Қаббис, Антуан ад-Даҳдаҳ ва Ҳифни Носифларнинг жинс категориясига оид назарияларига тўхталиб, уларнинг фикрларини қиёсий таҳлил қилишга ҳаракат қилдик.

Бедилнинг бой маънавий мероси Марказий Осиё мутафаккирларини бефарқ қолдирмаган. Бедил “дунёвий ва диний илмларни бир-бирига зид қўйишни ноўрин деб билади, айримлар айтганидай, аниқ фанлар ёки фалсафа диний эътиқодни заифлаштирмайди, аксинча, барча илмларни Илоҳдандир. Бедил илм-фанни эгаллашгина етарли эмас, деб ҳисоблайди ва илмни амалиётга тадбиқ этиш, ҳаёт билан боғлашни талаб қилади. Шундагина илм ҳаётда ўз натижасини кўрсатади, дейди.

The article examines the role of simple verbs in word formation using the example of the verb sāxtan. It is revealed that the verb sāxtan participates in the formation of more than 53 new words and more than 25 new complex verbs, and is also actively used as the second component of complex verbs, and the conclusions are based on examples.

The article is devoted to the problems of the interlingual relations in Maghreb, and it considers the factors contribute to the transformation of language processes and analyzes the consequences of European influence in the countries of the North Africa. Being insufficiently explored this theme is a subject of study for orientalist-arabists in all over the world. The article is devoted to the bilingualism phenomenon and to the peculiar linguistic revival in Maghreb. In conclusion it reveals the basic principles of the relevance of this article and brings conclusions.

Мақолада замонавий ўзбек насрида тадқиқотчилар томонидан алоҳида эътироф этилган “Жажман” ҳикоясининг бадиий-фалсафий мазмуни тадқиқ этилган. Хуршид Дўстмуҳаммаднинг ушбу ҳикоясида алоҳида рамзий-мажозий образ — “жажман”нинг хатти-ҳаракатлари орқали ижтимоий-маиший ва глобал масалалар ҳам кўтарилган. Энг муҳими эса, нафс тушунчаси фақат бугунги кунгагина хос эмас, асар қаҳрамонлари жамиятдаги кишилар бўлса-да, аслида улар тарихдан олинган. Зардушт бобо, Ахурамазда, Ахриман каби тушунчалар қадимги “Авесто” китобида қайд этилган образлардир.

Инсоният тараққиётида илмий адабиётларнинг адабий қадрият сифатида сақланиши, адабий ёдгорликларни илмий ўрганишда сомий тиллар гуруҳига кирувчи араб тили грамматикаси, лингвистика илми замонавий лингвистика, лингвомаданиятшунослик, социолингвистика каби соҳаларга эътибор берила бошланди. Жамиятдаги тил терминологиясининг бойишига ижтимоий-сиёсий жараённинг таъсири анъанавий тилшунослик муаммолари, йўналишларини илмий-тадқиқ қилинишида ўзига хос мактаб ва ижтимоий характерга боғлиқлигини намоён қилмоқда.

The article is devoted to the main principles for ensuring respectful attitude to religion in society in the context of the creation of New Uzbekistan, the formation of Islamic universal values in the family, the unity of the value basis of secularism and religious consciousness, the need to fight against the harmful extremist trends of our time, building healthy immunity in order to create a healthy society, by introducing Islamic educational values into the minds of young people.

this article analyzes the problem of globalization, its impact on the national interests of states, highlights its positive and negative aspects. It also describes Uzbekistan’s national interests of globalization directly on them. Currently, changes are taking place in the entire system of international relations, the hallmark of which is globalization.

This article is devoted to the analysis of religious, philosophical and moral ideas in the first chapter of the cycle of preaching songs of the Gat of the prophet Zarathustra, the founder of Zoroastrianism. In this article, it has been analyzed critically a different set of views in understanding the essence of this chapter of the Gat. A new interpretation of some stanzas of the section is given. Ameshaspents are proved as emanations and executors of the will of the Supreme Divine Essence Ahura Mazda.

In an article entitled “Conceptual Methods for Researching the Relationship between Religion and State”, the author, analyzing the theory of state-confessional relations, succinctly noted and systematized the main approaches of scientists from different countries. Analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the relationship between religion and the state is one of the priority areas of religious studies, which contribute to the understanding and formation of effective interaction between religion and the state. In this regard, this study can be a conceptual and methodological basis for structuring a national policy in the field of inter-confessional and state-confessional relations on the way to further strengthening the spiritual security of the country.

Мазкур мақолада Ўзбекистон ҳудудида қадимги даврларда вужудга келган илк диний тасаввурлардан бўлмиш анимизмга оид диний-мистик рамзлар ва тасвирлар талқини юзасидан ўтказилган тадқиқот натижалари илмий равишда умумлаштирилган. Шунингдек, Марказий Осиё халқлари турмуш тарзини тадқиқ этган кўплаб маҳаллаий ва хорижий олимларнинг изланишлари натижалари хусусида ҳам сўз юритилган. Жумладан, Э.Тайлор, А.Писарчик, А.Асқаров, Э.Ртвеладзе, М.Исҳоқов ва Б.Саркаратиларни киритиш мумкин.

Мақола ҳозирги давр дин фалсафаси таҳлилига бағишланган. Унда замонавий ғарб дин фалсафасининг асосий йўналишлари тавсифи берилади, уларнинг турлари ва глобал дунёдаги ривожланиш хусусиятлари кўрсатиб ўтилади. Экзистенциализм, неосхоластика ва неотомизм, динга ва унинг жамиятдаги ролига рационал - мантиқий қараш, дин феноменининг постсекуляр характери ва унга билиш нуқтаи назаридан ёндашиш – дунёдаги замонавий диний жараёнларни тушунишнинг хусусиятлари ва манбаи сифатида фарқлаб олинади.

Инсоният фалсафий фикри тараққиётида турли маданиятлар ўз ўрнига эга. Бу маданиятлар бир-бирини тўлдириб бориб, илм-фан тараққиётига муносиб хисса қўшиб келган. Бу борада мусулмон мутафаккирларининг бебаҳо мероси инсоният тараққиётига хизмат қилиб келган. Мутафаккирлар ўз асарларида аввалги антик давр тафаккурини нафақат такомилига етказдилар, балки уни ислом дини таълимоти тамойиллари билан боғладилар. Кейинчалик мазкур қарашлардан Европа фалсафий фикри баҳраманд бўлди. Жаҳон тамаддунига ўз ҳиссасини қўшган Ибн Сино, Ибн Рушд, Ғаззолий каби даҳоларнинг асарлари ҳозирги кунда ҳам тадқиқотчиларнинг диққат марказида турибди.

Мазкур мақолада стресс, стрессга чидамлилик, талабалар муҳитида стресс намоён бўлишининг ўзига хос хусусиятлари, уни келтириб чиқарувчи омиллар, копинг стратегиялар ва диний копинг тушунчалари кўриб чиқилган. Шунингдек, стрессни ўрганиш соҳасидаги тадқиқотлар, олий ўқув юртлари талабаларининг стрессга чидамлилигини ошириш усуллари ва долзарб тадқиқот йўналишлари, бу соҳада қўлланиши мумкин бўлган методикалар таҳлил қилинган.

The article provides a systematic analysis of the phenomenon of emotional intelligence, the history of the study, its role in personal self-awareness and interpersonal relationships, which are among the current issues in the science of psychology today. The approaches of different scientists to emotional intelligence are compared, their specific features are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies developed for the study of emotional intelligence are described.

Мақолада маънавий ахлоқий тарбия мезони хисобланган қадриятлар тизими, уларнинг турлари хозирги ахборотлашган жамиятда тарбиянинг кибермаконга трансформацияси жараёнларида айнан аждодлар мероси ва уларнинг тарбиядаги ахамияти қадриятлар мисолида ёритиб берилган. Шунингдек, замонавий интеллектуал авлод тарбиясида илм ва ахлоқнинг узвийлигини амалий инновацион тарзда қўллай олиш билан натижага эришиш мумкинлиги исботланган.

Мақолада Ислом динининг мусаффолигини сақлаш, унинг асл моҳиятини очиб бериш, соф эътиқодни тарғиб этиш юртимиздан етишиб чиққан буюк аллома Имом Бухорий ҳаёти ва маънавий мероси билан боғлиқлиги, Имом Бухорийнинг ҳадис илмига муносабати, ҳадисларни ёд олибгина қолмай, балки ёшлигидан бошлаб саҳиҳ (тўғри, ишончли) ва ғайрисаҳиҳларга ажратиш, уларнинг иллатини аниқлаш, ҳадис ровийларини ўрганиб таҳқиқ қилиш, улар ривоятининг адолатлилигини, ҳадис илмининг турли масалаларини тадқиқ этиш, уларни жамлаш ва Қуръон оятлари билан узвий боғлиқликда ўрганиш каби масалалар билан қизиққанлиги, Имом Бухорий ҳадисларининг жаҳоншумул аҳамияти, ҳамда ёшлар тарбиясини миллий ва диний қадриятлар асосида олиб борилишида аллома маънавий меросининг катта тарбиявий аҳамиятга эгалиги ўрганилган.

Ушбу мақолада тасвирларга ишлов беришда статик ва динамик тасвирларнинг сифатини тиклаш алгоритмларини тадқиқ қилиш, хажмини камайтириш масалалари қаралади. Ишлаб чиқариладиган алгоритмлар тасвирларга ишлов бериш ва таҳлил этиш тизимларида, рақамли телевиденияда ҳамда сифати жиҳатидан паст ҳисобланган манбалар ва тасвирлар учун ҳам қўлланилиши мумкин. Бу алгоритмларнинг тасвирларга ишлов беришга йўналтирилган параметрлар ва алгоритмларга ишлов бериш ва ўзгартириш орқали бир нечта ўқув қўлланмалар шакллантириш ҳам мумкин.

Maqolada, axborot madaniyati tushunchasi mazmun mohiyati va axborot madaniyati umumiy madaniyatning bir qismi ekanligi, umuman madaniy faoliyatning eng muhim jihatlaridan biri sifatida tushunilishi kerakligi; axborot madaniyati turli yoʼnalishlarda jumladan texnik – texnologik hamda ijtimoiy sohalarda amal qilishi, axborot madaniyatining ushbu jihatlari shaxsning rivojlanishiga turlicha ta’sir ko’rsatishi, texnik – texnologik yoʼnalishda axborot madaniyati bu texnik axborot vositalari va ularni axborot olish, saqlash, qayta ishlash hamda olish uchun foydalanishning samarali uslublari haqidagi bilim ekanligi, o’rganilgan.

This article describes the types of cybercrime and the measures taken against them. The relevance of cybersecurity issues and their statistical analysis are presented. The work carried out in Uzbekistan in this direction is analyzed. Here are the statistics of the most used passwords in the world and how they are generated.